Recognition of facial micro-expressions (MEs), which indicates conscious or unconscious suppressing of true emotions, is still a challenging task in the affective computing and computer vision. There are two main reasons ...

Automatic access control systems (ACS) based on the human biometrics or physical tokens are widely employed in public and private areas. Yet these systems, in their conventional forms, are restricted to active interaction ...

With the consolidation of the new data protection regulation paradigm for each individual within the European Union (EU), major biometric technologies are now confronted with many concerns related to user privacy in biometric ...