The diagnostic ımportance of high mobility group box-1 in urine as a tumor marker in prostate cancer: Descriptive research

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the di- agnostic value of urinary high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) level as a non-invasive tool that can be potentially used for diagnosis and during fol- low-up in patients with prostate cancer.Material and Methods: Forty-two patients with histopathologically confirmed prostate cancer from 40 to 75 years of age, 30 patients with an acute urinary tract infection (UTI) and 33 agematched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and urinary HMGB1 levels of the study groups were eval- uated. The association of clinical features [prostate specific antigen (PSA), perineural invasion, Gleason score] with urinary HMGB1 levels was inves- tigated in patients with prostate cancer. Results: While age and BMI were not different among the 3 groups (p=0.265 and p=0.254 respectively), PSA levels were significantly different (p<0.001). A significant difference was detected in urinary HMGB1 levels among the 3 groups (p<0.001). Addi- tionally, a significant correlation was observed between Gleason scoring and urinary HMGB1 levels when compared among patients with low-, in- termediate- and high-grade prostate cancer (p=0.003). Also, there was a sig- nificant difference in urinary HMGB1 levels between perineural invasion-positive and negative patients (p=0.04). Conclusion: Compared to control group, patients with a UTI and prostate cancer patients had higher HMGB1 levels. Urinary HMGB1 levels were much higher in prostate can- cer patients than in controls. Urinary HMGB1 levels may be used as a non- invasive tool for diagnostic and screening purposes in prostate cancer patients in future controlled studies involving larger patient samples.