g-C3N4@Fe3O4 Nanomaterial Synthesis for Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction and Photocatalytic Removal of Basic Blue 3

Abstract

The present research synthesized a g-C3N4@Fe3O4 hybrid material for efficient magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) and photocatalytic degradation of Basic Blue 3 (BB3) dye from wastewater. Characterization of the synthesized g-C3N4@Fe3O4 was conducted through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The optimization of the method was carried out by examining parameters such as pH, g-C3N4@Fe3O4 amount, sample volume, and adsorption/desorption duration. In addition, analytical performance criteria such as limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and relative standard deviation (RSD) of the MSPE method were calculated as 1.29 mu g L-1, 4.28 mu g L-1, and 1.9%, respectively. The method was applied to real samples, including wastewater and textiles, and validated through addition/recovery studies for the magnetic solid-phase extraction procedure. The recoveries were gained between 91 and 100%. The reusability synthesized g-C3N4@Fe3O4 was also evaluated. The recoveries for Basic Blue 3 dye decreased to 81% after the fourth experiment. Furthermore, the photocatalytic performance of the g-C3N4@Fe3O4 hybrid material was evaluated due to its good surface area and strong interaction with Basic Blue 3 dye. The photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4@Fe3O4 hybrid material was calculated as 96.8% for 100 mg in 300 min.