Evaluation of upper extremity function and its relation to curve pattern in female adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: a pilot study

Abstract

Study design: Cross-sectional and clinical measurement. Objective: To evaluate upper extremity function and its relation to the curve pattern in idiopathic scoliosis. Summary of background data: Postural alterations and trunk distortions—caused by three-dimensional deformity itself in idiopathic scoliosis—may lead to functional changes in the upper extremity of subjects. Methods: Handgrip, pulp and lateral pinch strengths, hand dexterity, hand reaction time, coordination of upper extremity, upper extremity performance, throwing accuracy, and self-reported upper extremity disability were evaluated in 96 subjects. These subjects were divided into 3 groups: 47 with main thoracic curve pattern scoliosis (Lenke type 1), 31 with thoracolumbar/lumbar curve pattern scoliosis (Lenke type 5), and 18 unaffected (healthy control). Comparisons were performed between these three groups. Results: The thoracic scoliosis group showed a significant decrease in concave lateral pinch strength, concave hand dexterity of turning, coordination of the upper extremities, and concave hand reaction time than the thoracolumbar/lumbar scoliosis group (p < 0.05). Bilateral handgrip strengths decreased in thoracic scoliosis group when compared to healthy controls. Healthy individuals demonstrated greater throwing accuracy than individuals with scoliosis. Conclusions: Upper extremity function was found to be affected based on the curve pattern. Individuals with main thoracic curves are likely to have deteriorated upper extremity function, especially for hand-specific motor skills, on the concave side, when compared to lumbar curves and healthy controls. Level of evidence: Level III. © 2020, Scoliosis Research Society.