Design of a novel deep eutectic solvent for microextraction of Lissamine green B from food Samples: A green approach

Abstract

The extraction of Lissamine Green B (LGB) from food matrices poses a challenge due to its low concentration and interference from other matrix compounds. In this study, a novel green approach utilizing a deep eutectic solvent (DES) for dispersive liquid microextraction (GDES- DLLME) of LGB is presented. The DES, formulated from eco-friendly components and synthesized through mechanochemical methods for the first time, presents a sustainable alternative to traditional solvents. The DES characterization was implemented via 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) analysis. The microextraction procedure was optimized for maximum efficiency, considering factors such as extraction time, DES composition, and sample pH, THF volume, NaCl amount, sample volume etc. The developed method was then applied to various food samples using spectrophotometric detection for the quantitative analysis of LGB, including water samples, beverages and foods. Furthermore, analytical performance values such as limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), relative standard deviation (RSD), and preconcentration factor (PF) were calculated as 0.76 ng/mL, 2.56 ng/mL, % 4.6, and 22.5 respectively. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of simply generated DES as an extraction solvent and enabled sensitive and selective determination of LGB in complex food matrices. This eco-friendly method is promising for food safety and quality control applications, providing a sustainable solution for the analysis of LGBs in food. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.