Deep eutectic solvent (DES) based dispersive Liquid-Phase microextraction of Sunset yellow FCF in food and pharmaceutical products

Abstract

In this study, a new, sensitive, rapid, simple, cheap, readily available, and rather safe dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method (DLLME) utilizing a deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the green extraction solvent was developed for the extraction and determination of sunset yellow for Coloring Food (FCF), in drugs, vitamins, beverage, foods, and environmental samples. The method is based on the deep eutectic solvent system containing a kind of cationic and anionic (hydrogen bond donor/ hydrogen bond acceptor) species. For this purpose, decanoic acid and tetrabutylammonium bromide (molar ratio of 2:1) were used to obtain a deep eutectic solvent. Sunset yellow FCF is analyzed with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer after ultrasonication-assisted dispersive liquid phase microextraction procedure. The essential operational parameters such as pH, DES volume, THF volume and sample volume were found 2.0, 200, 400 mu L and 20 mL, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found at pH 2.0 as 0.05 mu g L(-1 )and 0.17 mu g L-1, respectively. The enrichment technique was validated by using addition/recovery studies and applied to the determination of analyte content of various drugs, vitamins, beverages, foods, and environmental samples.