Investigation of the Relationship Between Temperamental Characteristics and Eating Behaviours of Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional and Correlational Study

Abstract

Objective: This study sought to investigate the relationship between temperament characteristics and eating behaviors in preschool children, as well as the influence of demographic factors on these variables. Material and Methods: Short Temperament Scale for Children and the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire were utilized to assess temperament characteristics and eating behaviors in preschool children. The relationships between these variables and the demographic characteristics of the children and their families were examined. Statistical analyses were conducted to investigate differences and correlations. Results: The study identified significant associations between children's temperament traits and their eating behaviors. In particular, rhythmicity was positively correlated with enjoyment of food and food responsiveness, while reactivity was associated with emotional eating and slowness in eating. Additionally, sociodemographic variables such as gestational age, birth weight, body mass index status, and family income were found to have significant effects on certain eating behaviors. Regression analysis revealed that temperament traits explained 36.4% of the variance in children's eating behaviors (R²=0.364, p<0.001). Conclusion: Temperament traits were found to be associated with children's eating behaviors, indicating the potential for developing individualized nutritional approaches based on these characteristics. Pediatric nurses can contribute to the promotion of healthy eating habits by supporting families in early childhood with consideration of temperament-based differences.